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Nutritional Care of Preterm Infants 2nd Edition

Improved conditions of care for premature infants have led to markedly increased survival rates over the last few decades, particularly in very low and extremely low birth weight infants. Nutritional measures play a central role in the long-term outcome, health, and quality of life of these premature infants. In this updated and extended edition, leading experts from all over the world present the most recent evidence and critical analyses of nutrient requirements and the practice of nutritional care (with the focus on very low birth weight infants) to provide guidance for clinical application. The chapters of this publication show how growth and development can be nutritionally supported, which nutrients and non-nutrients can be supplied, and how nutritional care can get implemented. Approaches to nutritional care in various disease conditions are also addressed. The compilation of current information and recommendations should support the daily work of health care professionals such as neonatologists, paediatricians, other physicians involved in the care of preterm infants, nurses, nutritionists/dieticians, and others. The current book is also of interest for researchers who wish to keep up to date in this moving field.

Contents

۱ A Historical Perspective
۵ Defining Nutritional Needs of Preterm Infants
۱۲ Nutrition, Growth and Long-Term Outcomes
۳۲ Monitoring of Growth and Body Composition: New Methodologies
۴۶ Preterm Nutrition and the Brain
۶۰ Energy Requirements and Carbohydrates in Preterm Infants
۷۴ Proteins and Amino Acids
۸۹ Lipid Requirements of Preterm Infants
۱۰۳ Water, Sodium, Potassium, and Chloride
۱۲۲ Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus, and Vitamin D
۱۴۰ Microminerals: Iron, Zinc, Copper, Selenium, Manganese, Iodine, Chromium and Molybdenum
۱۴۹ Vitamin Requirements for Preterm Infants
۱۶۷ Bioactive Components of Breast Milk as Enteral Supplements for Preterm Infants
۱۸۰ The Microbiome as a Therapeutic Target in Preterm Nutrition
۱۹۱ Recommended Nutrient Intake Levels for Preterm Infants
۱۹۸ Practice of Parenteral Nutrition in Preterm Infants
۲۱۲ Mother’s Own Milk and Donor Milk
۲۲۵ Human Milk Fortification for Preterm Infants: A Review
۲۴۸ Quality Standards for Human Milk Banks
۲۶۵ The Practice of Enteral Nutrition in Very Low and Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants
۲۸۱ Involving Parents in Feeding Their Preterm Infants
۲۸۹ Standardized Feeding Protocols: Evidence and Implementation
۳۰۱ A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Implementation and Audit of Nutrition in Preterm Infants
۳۱۲ Approaches to Growth Faltering
۳۲۵ Feeding after Discharge
۳۴۰ Practical Implementation of Quality Nutritional Care to Preterm Infants In Developing Countries
۳۵۷ Future Research in Preterm Nutrition
۳۶۷ Necrotizing Enterocolitis
۳۷۹ Prevention and Management of Parenteral Nutrition-Associated Cholestasis and Intestinal Failure-Associated Liver Disease in the Critically Ill Infant
۴۰۰ Preterm Nutrition and Pulmonary Disease
۴۱۷ Nutrition of the Neonate with Congenital Heart Disease: Existing Evidence and Practical Implications
۴۳۰ Composition of Selected Nutritional Products for Preterm Infants