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Essentials of Medical Pharmacology, 7ed

This new edition has been fully revised to bring pharmacologists and trainees fully up to date with the latest developments in the field of medical pharmacology. Beginning with an introduction to general pharmacological principles, the following sections discuss drugs for common and less common disorders found in different regions of the body. The seventh edition includes new drugs, as well as the latest therapeutic guidelines from authoritative sources such as the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the British National Formulary (BNF). Each topic includes key point summary boxes as well as illustrations, flowcharts and tables to enhance learning. A ‘problem-directed study’ question at the end of each chapter helps trainees test their knowledge. An extensive appendices section includes a list of essential medicines, drugs that should/shouldn’t be prescribed in pregnancy and lactation, and suggestions for further reading. Key points * Fully revised, new edition presenting latest developments in medical pharmacology * Includes therapeutic guidelines from WHO and BNF * Problem-directed study questions and key point summary boxes enhance learning * Previous edition published in 2008

In the 28 years of its existence, the Essentials of Medical Pharmacology is appearing as the 7th edition. Commensurate with tremendous transformation of pharmacology and clinical medicine in this period, the book has undergone successive changes to reflect the current status of pharmacological knowledge and therapeutic practices. Selection of the subject content of this edition places due emphasis on the understanding gained in mechanism of action of drugs, as well as on evidence based medicine. It abundantly quotes current guidelines issued by WHO and other eminent professional bodies as well as by Indian National Health Programmes to authenticate therapeutic recommendations.

Over the past years, the book has been a trend-setter for pharmacology texts in India. It has changed the outlook of medical students/professionals towards pharmacology from a subject that is to be set aside after passing the examination, to one which remains a useful companion in the clinic. The ever expanding readership of the book, particularly in the Indian subcontinent, is a testimony to its relevance to the needs of health science students and doctors in this region. The current edition is designed to fulfill the needs even more completely.

• Thoroughly revised chapters to include recent developments in theory and practice, as well as new drugs released in India.

• ‘Problem directed study’, a novel exercise which introduces the reader to the process of therapeutic decision making.

• Enriched illustrations, flow charts, tables and boxed point-wise summaries of important aspects.

• Comprehensive and systematic coverage of drugs, highlighting their therapeutic status.

• Text arranged under hierarchical headings, reorganization of some chapters and revised classification of certain classes of drugs makes the presentation highly user friendly.

Contents

Section 1: General Pharmacological Principles

۱. Introduction, Routes of Drug Administration 1
۲. Pharmacokinetics: Membrane Transport, Absorption and Distribution of Drugs 10
۳. Pharmacokinetics: Metabolism and Excretion of Drugs, Kinetics of Elimination 22
۴. Pharmacodynamics: Mechanism of Drug Action; Receptor Pharmacology 37
۵. Aspects of Pharmacotherapy, Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Development 61
۶. Adverse Drug Effects 82

Section 2: Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System

Autonomic Nervous System: General Considerations 92
۷. Cholinergic System and Drugs 99
۸. Anticholinergic Drugs and Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia 113
۹. Adrenergic System and Drugs 124
۱۰. Antiadrenergic Drugs (Adrenergic Receptor Antagonists) and Drugs for Glaucoma 140

Section 3: Autacoids and Related Drugs

۱۱. Histamine and Antihistaminics 159
۱۲. ۵-Hydroxytryptamine, its Antagonists and Drug Therapy of Migraine 170
۱۳. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes (Eicosanoids) and Platelet Activating Factor 181
۱۴. Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs and Antipyretic-Analgesics 192
۱۵. Antirheumatoid and Antigout Drugs 210

Section 4: Respiratory System Drugs

۱۶. Drugs for Cough and Bronchial Asthma 218

Section 5: Hormones and Related Drugs

Introduction 234
۱۷. Anterior Pituitary Hormones 236
۱۸. Thyroid Hormone and Thyroid Inhibitors 245
۱۹. Insulin, Oral Hypoglycaemic Drugs and Glucagon 258
۲۰. Corticosteroids 282
۲۱. Androgens and Drugs for Erectile Dysfunction 296
۲۲. Estrogens, Progestins and Contraceptives 306
۲۳. Oxytocin and Other Drugs Acting on Uterus 329
۲۴. Drugs Affecting Calcium Balance 335

Section 6: Drugs Acting on Peripheral (Somatic)
Nervous System

۲۵. Skeletal Muscle Relaxants 347
۲۶. Local Anaesthetics 360

Section 7: Drugs Acting on Central Nervous System

۲۷. General Anaesthetics 372
۲۸. Ethyl and Methyl Alcohols 388
۲۹. Sedative-Hypnotics 397
۳۰. Antiepileptic Drugs 411
۳۱. Antiparkinsonian Drugs 425
۳۲. Drugs Used in Mental Illness: Antipsychotic and Antimanic Drugs 435
۳۳. Drugs Used in Mental Illness: Antidepressant and Antianxiety Drugs 454
۳۴. Opioid Analgesics and Antagonists 469
۳۵. CNS Stimulants and Cognition Enhancers 486

Section 8: Cardiovascular Drugs

Cardiac Electrophysiological Considerations 492
۳۶. Drugs Affecting Renin-Angiotensin System and Plasma Kinins 495
۳۷. Cardiac Glycosides and Drugs for Heart Failure 512
۳۸. Antiarrhythmic Drugs 526
۳۹. Antianginal and Other Anti-ischaemic Drugs 539
۴۰. Antihypertensive Drugs 558

Section 9: Drugs Acting on Kidney

Relevant Physiology of Urine Formation 575
۴۱. Diuretics 579
۴۲. Antidiuretics 593

Section 10: Drugs Affecting Blood and Blood Formation

۴۳. Haematinics and Erythropoietin 599
۴۴. Drugs Affecting Coagulation, Bleeding and Thrombosis 613
۴۵. Hypolipidaemic Drugs and Plasma Expanders 634

Section 11: Gastrointestinal Drugs

۴۶. Drugs for Peptic Ulcer and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease 647
۴۷. Antiemetic, Prokinetic and Digestant Drugs 661
۴۸. Drugs for Constipation and Diarrhoea 672

Section 12: Antimicrobial Drugs

۴۹. Antimicrobial Drugs: General Considerations 688
۵۰. Sulfonamides, Cotrimoxazole and Quinolones 704
۵۱. Beta-Lactam Antibiotics 716
۵۲. Tetracyclines and Chloramphenicol (Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics) 733
۵۳. Aminoglycoside Antibiotics 743
۵۴. Macrolide, Lincosamide, Glycopeptide and Other Antibacterial Antibiotics;Urinary Antiseptics 752
۵۵. Antitubercular Drugs 765
۵۶. Antileprotic Drugs 780
۵۷. Antifungal Drugs 787
۵۸. Antiviral Drugs 798
۵۹. Antimalarial Drugs 816
۶۰. Antiamoebic and Other Antiprotozoal Drugs 836
۶۱. Anthelmintic Drugs 849

Section 13: Chemotherapy of Neoplastic Diseases

۶۲. Anticancer Drugs 857

Section 14: Miscellaneous Drugs

۶۳. Immunosuppressant Drugs 878
۶۴. Drugs Acting on Skin and Mucous Membranes 886
۶۵. Antiseptics, Disinfectants and Ectoparasiticides 897
۶۶. Chelating Agents 905
۶۷. Vitamins 909
۶۸. Vaccines and Sera 919
۶۹. Drug Interactions